Group Presentation

Today was the start of our group presentations in Stephen's class.  Two groups went; arts and crafts and then my group which had the topic of drama and dance.  The first group did an awesome job!  The had four stations set up that all had to do with activities that would be appropriate for people with visual impairments.  The four stations were:  shaving cream art, drum making, making a necklace with lifesavers and fruitloops and then tissue paper art.  Each station was creative to the different types of senses that were focused on.  The shaving cream art was my favorite of all the stations; who knew that shaving cream could be so entertaining?!  We used visual impairment goggles and blindfolds to give us the illusion of being blind and then tried out a few drawing exercises.  Smell and touch were the two big senses that were being focused on at this station but the others focused on taste and hearing.  This presentation really gave me a different perspective of people with visual impairments and will definitely help me when working with this population in the future!  I tried to really put myself in a blind person's shoes while participating.

For our presentation we had three main activities that focused on the population of at risk youth.  We focused all on drama because we had done dance previously in the other section.  The first activity was called "Battle in the Woods" and was an innovative version of rock, paper scissors, involving more body movements and dramatic reactions.  The second activity was called "Identity Crisis" where a bucket of hats, masks, and glasses were passed around and the participants took one; the purpose was to create a story with all the different identities and see where it went.  People had a BLAST with this activity, people were crying they were laughing so hard!  Participants really got into their "identities" doing accents and mannuerisms to match their prop.  The last activity was also a success!  It was called "Spectacular, Spectacular" and we split up the class into four groups and gave them a bag of props and they had to use all the items except two and had to create a three to five minute skit.  The groups came up with really creative ideas given the props they had, which were literally the most random items we could all find around our houses.  Overall I feel that we addressed all our goals in our activities which were for the participants to appropriately express themselves through drama in a social environment.  We split up the facilitating between all the activities.  I shared the facilitation of Spectacular, Spectacular with Hannah, and I tried to improve my skills.  I tend to get nervous in front a group of my peers but since we are all comfortable with each other I thought it went really well.

Overall, I felt that we all learned valuable things that we can carry into our career and learned things about ourselves along the way having a good time! I'm looking forward to the last group presentations!

HULAHOOPING!

Last week's class was probably the best yet!  We had guest speakers, Stephen's kids Mason and Emily and a graduate student all on the topic of hula hooping.  When I think of hula hooping, I think of the stereotypical hoop that children use when they're younger in gym class or for a distratction, but never did I think it could be used for a vast variety of therapeutic reasons.  We watched a bunch of youtube videos that explained how hula hooping can be used for different types of people and different reasons.  I found those videos inspiring, especially the people who used the hula hoops for dancing; it was a different way to express themselves and an extention on how they felt.  I also thought it was interesting how a facilitator used it for youth at risk, to keep kids off the streets and make good connections with each other.

Using a hula hoop can help you connect with yourself and is an activity that you can do by yourself and with others.  I was so excited when I found out that we got to make our own hula hoops and decorate them.  Since then I have played around with my hula hoop a lot more than I thought I would.  I can definitely use this for my future in therapeutic recreation and for all different types of populations; youth at risk, corrections, younger children with gross motor skills, etc.  During class, I tried my hardest to give the hula hoop a try but it was really frustrating because I couldn't initially get it to stay up and spin around.  After some practice and determination, I got it to work!

Innovative Activity #5: Music and TR

One thing that always interests me in Therapeutic Recreation besides TR and gardening is TR and music.  I was introduced to TR and drumming in the first section of this class and became very interested.  There are many therapeutic benefits to using music such as:  relieving stress, positive state of mind, slower heart rate and slower more relaxed breathing, lower blood pressure, boosts your immune system, and many other physical and mental benefits.  Music therapy can be used with anyone and in many different ways, which makes it a great universal activity!  Obviously there will be different goals and objectives for the different populations, but they will all work towards the main goal of trying to reach the full potential of the client.  Women transitioning from rehab centers into the community could use music as a way of expressing their fears and concerns and working through those obstacles.  It also could help them become for comfortable in front of people and show them how to express their emotions appropriately.   Music could be used for children who have non-verbal communication to express themselves.  You could also work with geriatrics and use music for sensory stimulation.  I know from volunteering at Hillview Healthcare Center that music is the highlight of the resident’s month, even though they just sit in their wheelchairs while people sing and play music.  Depending on what type of music and how involved you want the participants to be effects what types of resources you need.  You could bring in drums or other instruments and have the participants play or you could just bring in a radio or have music playing off of a CD or tape player.  You can facilitate music therapy in many different ways, also depending on how involved your participants are.  When working with high functioning patients you can front load an activity and have specific goals, objectives, and then debrief.  The activities I found have to do with using music for participants to become aware of body awareness and the other activity uses music as a repeating game to work on memory.  I found these activities on the Therapeutic Recreation Directory (www.recreationtherapy.com) and there were many more. 

Musical Play with Body Awareness(Submitted by Melissa Cook of Center for the Disabled on December 31, 2003)

Size: 2-8

Equipment: Variety of music, variety of instruments

Objective: Incorporating musical play while helping individuals with disabilities become more familiar with their bodies/body awareness.

Description: While playing instruments, having participants play in a variety of areas, including over the head, behind the head, over shoulders, in front of their bodies, in front of their knees, down by their feet, etc. Sometimes with the disabled population, they are unaware of their bodies in space and many times cannot distinguish between body parts. With instrument play while incorporating body parts, participants can feel successful in making music while becoming more familiar with their own body parts.

Follow you, Follow me
submitted by Mindy Fulk of Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan on Friday, June 1, 2001

Size: 2 - 10

Equipment: Small percussion Musical Instruments, drum sticks, maracas, tambourines, etc.

Objective:
1. Increase attention
2. Increase mental flexibility
3. Increase short-term memory
4. Increase participation in group activities

Description: Everyone gets an instrument. Chose someone to lead the activity that is comfortable with using percussion instruments. The leader plays a simple rhythm (start with 2-3 beats) and the group plays it back together. You can increase the complexity of rhythms and number of beats as the activity progresses.

SOME ADAPTATIONS:
a)Some patients may also like to lead the activity.
b)You can make this competitive and give a reward to the 'last person standing'. To do this, every time a person plays the rhythm incorrectly, they are out of the game. The leader should increase the speed and complexity of the rhythms.
c)Have the leader play to one person at a time, that person plays the rhythm back, then the next, then the next, and so on.

Innovative Activity #4: Table Ball

I started volunteering at a nursing home and often spend my time working with dementia patients doing one-on-ones.  We do simple activities and focus mostly on sensory things.  I haven’t done a whole lot, just room visits so they become somewhat comfortable with me, or I become more comfortable working with them; familiarizing myself with their hobbies and interests.  “Table Ball” is an activity that I found would work with dementia patients depending what level they are.  It’s a simple activity that addresses many therapeutic benefits such as:  improving hand-eye coordination, socialization, attention span and following simple directions.  These therapeutic goals fit into all four of the domains (physical, cognitive, social and emotional).  People that need to work on their gross motor skills would also benefit from this activity because you can always vary the size of the ball.  I’m not sure that using this activity for at-risk youth, incarcerated individuals or people with attention deficit disorders would benefit.  You don’t need many materials, just push tables together, chairs or places for everyone to sit, and a ball.  To facilitate this activity you wouldn’t need to do much front loading.  If you are doing it with dementia patients you would need to say all the directions and explain them slowly to make sure that everyone understands.  You need to have a lot of patience because people might not remember right away or easily forget.  I found this activity on a great website about Therapeutic Recreation in general, but I looked under the activities section.  You can definitely find more about this activity on the website as well as other activities.       

Table Ball(Submitted by Natasha Pokorny of Nesconset Nursing Center on January 31, 2000)

Size: 10-20

Equipment: Tables that line up together and a ball (preferably a bright color).

Objective: The objective Table Ball is: improved hand eye coordination, socialization, attention span, following of simple directions.

Description: This activity is recommended for residents with Alzheimer's. Place tables end to end (enough to fit about 10 or more people all the way around). Place the ball (we use a bright red one) in front of one of the residents and tell him/her to roll it to someone else at the table. Encourage each resident to keep the ball moving on the table. It should be natural for them. Alzheimer residents in my facility can play this game for an hour before getting tired. It definitely lessens agitation. Another trick I've found for this activity that lessens the agitation of the residents is that using custom stress balls as the table ball lends an extra tactile element to the game and this added dimension provides the participants further stress relief, which is always welcome.

NOTE: Not all Alzheimer residents can play this game depending on what stage of Dementia they have. Place those more capable next to someone who might have difficulty and encourage them to help each other. This increases the socialization. Call out names often to refocus.

Innovative Activity #3: Alphabet Pockets

Since I’ve focused on corrections and at-risk youth for the first two activities I thought that the next one I’d focus on was cognitive.  This is also an activity that I pulled from the binder that I made for another class.  It’s called Alphabet Pockets and is a good rainy/indoor activity, or something that can be thrown together quickly as a filler activity.  The only resources you need are optional; a piece of paper and pencil to keep score but otherwise you use object you have on hand like in the participant’s pockets or backpacks.  This activity can be used for a cognitive goal because the participants need to know the alphabet and the order of the letters.  They also need to grasp what letters the objects start with so really this could be used for all ages.  “Alphabet Pockets” is also a good teamwork activity because it would almost be impossible to come up with all the letters by yourself and when you work as a team you can get things done faster.  Corrections or at-risk youth might not be good populations for this activity because they won’t have a lot of things in their pockets or access to loose things lying around.  All objects should be appropriate for the classroom and there needs to be some supervision if there are potential sharp objects.  There is minimum leadership needed, only to facilitate the activity and keep track of the scores of all the teams.  This activity offers therapeutic potential in all four of the domains.  Physical because you need to be able to move around and quickly, cognitive because you need to associate the first letters of random objects with the alphabet, social because you need to work with others to accomplish a task, and emotional because you need to be aware of others feelings and it is a fast paced activity so people will be under some stress.   

Alphabet Pockets

Activity Type:  Rainy Day/Indoor Activity

Activity Description:  A fun competitive game in which participants use teamwork and creativity to gather objects that begin with letters of the alphabet.

Purpose/Goals:

1.   To gather objects whose names start with the letters of the alphabet.

2.   To use teamwork to accomplish a goal.

3.   To provide a fun and entertaining activity.

Activity Level:  Sedentary to Moderate

Appropriate Audience: This game can be played by school aged children to adults.  Any number of participants can play.

Physical Setting:  This activity should take place indoors in space that can accommodate all participants.

Equipment and Materials:

-          Score sheet to keep track of their items

-          Items participants have in their pockets or backpacks

Instructions/Facilitation:

1.   Split the group into two teams.

2.   Facilitator explains that each team has to find objects in their pockets or backpacks whose names begin with the letters of the alphabet.

3.   Teams are given 4 minutes to create as much of the alphabets as they can with their objects. (Objects do not have to be found in alphabetical order).

4.   One person from each team should record found items on paper to determine the winner at the end of the game.

5.   When 4 minutes is up, teams will be asked to present items.

6.   The team with the most items wins.

Physical and Emotional Safety Precautions:  Participants must make sure all objects are handled appropriately, i.e. sharp objects should be handled with care.  If participants feel uncomfortable using specific items for the game they do not have to do so.

Variations:

1.   Groups can be divided into more than two teams or activity can be completed by the group as a whole.

2.   Participants can find objects throughout the facility.

3.   Facilitator could use only part of the alphabet to fit English level of participants, i.e. elementary students could find vowels.

Special Notes: All items should be appropriate for the classroom.

Discussion Questions/Processing: 

1.   Which letter was the most challenging for your team?

2.   What was your team’s strategy to find the most items?

3.   What was the most enjoyable part of this activity?

Reference:
Alphabet Pockets. The Source. Retrieved on March 28, 2011, from http://www.thesource4ym.com/GAMES/

Innovative Activity #2: Minefield

An activity that came to mind when doing this research is from a binder I put together for another class.  The activity is called Minefield and is a group initiative activity.  I really enjoyed this activity, and found that there were several therapeutic benefits to it.  When doing group initiative activities there is a certain leadership style to follow.  Usually the activities have a lot of meaning behind them and facilitators want to front load and debrief appropriately to get the maximum effect out of the activity.  An initiative is a problem that is presented to a group that must be solved using the physical and/or intellectual resources of the entire group.  When introducing the activity you always want to present the group initiatives ahead of time.  You don’t want to front load so much though that you give the meaning of the activity away, but making sure that there are some goals mentioned without giving “hints” is appropriate.  I feel that this is an awesome activity to do with corrections and especially at-risk youth.  During the activity you are supposed to think of life’s obstacles or certain stressors that are getting in the way of your productivity, so using this for people who have gotten into trouble and are struggling will make them confront the issues.  The confrontation and sharing is usually done after the activity is over during the debrief portion.  Also, during debrief there can be discussion of how to move forward and overcome these obstacles.  Teamwork is a major aspect that is used in “Minefield” because you are blindfolded so you need to trust the person who is guiding you; of course this isn’t a real minefield but only a pretend one you make up.  It addresses all four domains and you can reach goals in each section.  This activity involves a lot of physical movement and the need to be on your hand and knees crawling with good listening skills.   You could adapt this activity to being in a wheelchair or using a walker to dodge the objects.  This wouldn’t be appropriate for geriatrics or people with low functioning skills.  It’s very cost effective because you can use random objects that you have lying around; you don’t need to buy specific ones and can be thrown together easily.  The only thing you would need to worry about is having blindfolds for the participants.  The website that I found it on is located under the reference section of the activity description.               

Minefield

Activity Type:  Group Initiative/Non-Competitive Game

Activity Description:  An entertaining activity that helps a group to build better trust with each other.

Purpose/Goals:

1.   To build trust in between group members.

2.   To learn how to successfully work together to complete a task.

3.   To have fun while working with other group members.

Activity Level:  Moderate to High

Appropriate Audience: School aged children to adults with 2-30 participants.

Physical Setting:  This activity can take place indoors or outdoors in an open area large enough to accommodate the participants and the “minefield.”

Equipment and Materials:

-          Many different objects to be used as the “mines”

-          Blindfolds (optional)

-          Markers to indicate the boundaries

Instructions/Facilitation:

1.   Have the group get into groups of two (or the leader can assign partners).

2.   Inform the group that one partner will be blindfolded, and the other will be directing the partner through the “minefield” from one side to the other.

3.   Explain that they must stay within the boundaries and cannot touch any of the mines, and if they do, they will get a penalty (i.e. starting over, freezing for 5 seconds, etc.)

4.   Have the one partner put on their blindfold (or close their eyes), and have them begin.

5.   Once everyone has made it to the other side safely, the partners switch roles and go through the “minefield” again.

Physical and Emotional Safety Precautions:

Inform the group of Challenge by Choice, but encourage everyone to participate.  Also, stress to be very cautious of the blindfolded people not bumping into objects or other participants.  Tell the group that everyone should be encouraging and supportive of other group members.

Variations:

1.   Have one of the partners not be able to talk.

2.   Have the blindfolded people have to go into the “minefield” to “rescue” an object and take it to safety, which is outside of the boundaries.

3.   Make the minefield even more challenging by hanging “mines” from above.

Special Notes: Make sure that all participants keep a positive attitude throughout the activity.

Discussion Questions/Processing: 

1.   How much did you trust your partner (out of 10) at the beginning of this activity?

2.   How much did you trust your partner (out of 10) at the end of this activity?

3.   What did your partner do to help you feel safe and secure?

4.   What could your partner have done to help make you feel more safe and secure?

5.   What communication strategies worked best?

Reference:
Minefield. (2009). Retrieved March 29, 2011 from http://wilderdom.com/​games/​descriptions/​minefield.html

Innovative Activity #1: You, Me, Left, Right

The activity I chose is an Icebreaker activity called, “You, Me, Left, Right”.  It’s a fun way to learn everyone’s names, but with more of a challenge than just sitting in a circle or line and introducing yourself to a group.  This activity would be appropriate for a younger audience; children and adults.  I don’t think it would be very appropriate for let’s say a geriatrics population because there is a lot of movement.  With some adaptations, people with physical disabilities would be able to use this, there would just need to be more space and the activity would take a little bit more time.  Potentially, I can see this activity really working well in a correction type setting or working with at-risk youth.  The therapeutic potential for this activity is enormous.  The induction of anxiety is caused by many social situations, including introducing yourself.  This activity is a way of introducing yourself and making a game out of it, where anyone can be put on the spot and has an equal amount of challenge.  It’s also a way to get everyone’s adrenaline going and excitement for other activities that you have planned for the day!  There aren’t any resources needed, just a big enough space for the amount of people you have participating, so it’s very cost effective and can be run indoors or outdoors.  The best leadership style is that you need to front load the activity and then it’s mainly the participation of the group that runs the activity.  There might need to be debriefing and a couple discussion questions are listed at the end of the activity description.  I found this activity on a website I was introduced to through another recreation class called “Ultimate Camp Resource”.  This website has various activities for a range of populations and programs that you might be putting on.  You can go to this website to find more information on this activity along with others relating to it.              

You, Me, Left, Right

Activity Type:  Icebreaker/Mixer

Activity Description: A fun, simple game to help learn the names of the members in the group.

Purpose/Goals:

1.           To learn the names of members in the group.

2.           To provide a fun activity to get participants excited for the rest of the day.

Activity Level:  Sedentary to Moderate

Appropriate Audience:  Groups of any size with participants being school-aged children to adults.

Physical Setting:  This activity can take place indoors or outdoors with sufficient space to accommodate for all the members of the group.

Equipment and Materials: None, just the members of the group.

Instructions/Facilitation:

1.           Have the group form a circle and the facilitator explains the rules.

2.           The facilitator explains that whoever is in the middle of the circle, called the caller, will walk up to someone standing in the circle and say either, “You,” “Me,” “Left,” or “Right.” Then they count to 3. (For example, 1 banana, 2 banana, 3 banana or some other counting form).

·         "You" is the person being questioned.

·         "Me" is the caller.

·         "Left" is the person to the left of the one being questioned.

·         "Right" is the person to the right of the one being questioned.

3.           The person that is being questioned has to the count of 3 to give the right response. 

4.           If their response is correct the caller continues on to another participant in the circle.

5.           If their response is incorrect or not within the count of 3, then that person becomes the new caller.

6.           The facilitator then starts off the game by being the first caller.

Physical and Emotional Safety Precautions: Make sure to tell the members that if they choose to move quickly around the circle that they be careful not to slip and fall.  Inform the participants of Challenge by Choice; they do not have to participate if they do not feel comfortable, but also encourage them to try it first.  All members should be encouraging and not putting down any of the participants.

Variations:

1.           You can choose to have more than one circle if you have a big group.

2.           You can choose to have more than one person in the middle of the circle being the caller.

3.           The amount of time the participant has to respond can be changed depending on the age of the group members or how well the members know each other.

Special Notes: None

Discussion Questions/Processing:

1.           How was this game helpful in learning people’s names?

2.           Does anyone think they know everyone else’s name in the group?  (Have the participant name everyone in the group.)

3.           What was the most challenging part of this game?

Reference:

• Camp Whitcomb/Mason
• Ultimate Camp Resource. (2010). Retrieved March 28, 2011, from http://www.ultimatecampresource.com/site/camp-activity/you-me-left-right.html

Stephen Wk. 2: Tape Art! :D

This week in class, we did an all class activity on tape art.  There is so much that you could do with a couple rolls or tape, saran wrap, and scissors.  We watched a couple awesome tutorial videos to see how we create our sculpture and then watched a short youtube video that showed how tape art had been placed in different places in public.  We didn't have a theme or any guidelines, we just went with the flow.  We were allowed to bring in objects to tape or use for our creation.  Creativity was a huge aspect this week because you had to be able to use the tape to make your imagination come true.  We were in our groups so we also needed to work as a team and make sure we incorporated all of our ideas.  I feel like that was the biggest challenge because everyone went a different way with what we wanted to create.  We did a good job though listening to each other, using everyone's thoughts and ideas and putting them into one.  I brought a flamingo to class and we used that as our basis of inspiration and taped one of our group member's legs and then another girls hands.  Together, we created a human twist on the flamingo. 

We also worked on 2-D art which you can see on the wall, the hot air balloon.  That wasn't our groups creation but we had one of our group members do a handstand and then taped the outline of her body.  Tape art can be used for specific populations and can potentially address a lot of goals and objectives from the four domains.  We talked about it after we were done with all our projects and came to the conclusion that tape art wouldn't be good for geriatrics or people with fine/gross motor skills.  It would be a good activity for troubled adolescence because it really stresses social comfortability and boundaries and working together as a team. 

First week in Dr. Stephen's section

I really enjoyed myself during the first week after the switch into Stephen's section.  We did ice breaker influenced activities in a sense that he wanted to get to know us and where we are at as far as facilitating activities and group work.  We were given a couple different scenarios, props, and limitations where we needed to come up with activities that addressed two of the domains (physical, emotional, cognitive, or social) and have goals specific to our creation.  There was one group that was given paper, tape, Dixie cups, and balloons and had to incorporate every prop in their activity.  We had shower caps, tape, medical gloves, a Halloween bucket and saran wrap.  We came up with a "medical play" activity where the participants would have to dress their partner, who was immobile, as a doctor in "scrubs" and walk them to the middle of the room and grab the "patient" or skull Halloween bucket for surgery.  I really tried my hardest during these activities to see how creative I could be and how quickly I could think.  I felt that the exercises were really good because as TRS's we need to ALWAYS be thinking on our toes and be accepting to new challenges.  There might be times where we need to quick put together an activity, and the job in itself we don't usually get a lot of funding for our programs so we need to be resourceful.  Everyone came up with really good activities that could be facilitated with a lot of different populations, and of course we had a lot of good laughs! 

I am thoroughly looking forward to this weeks class because we are doing tape art which is something i've never done before.  I'm interested to see the process it takes to get a finished product after watching the video in class on it.  I am also looking foward to more group presentations on different topics and the innovations!   

Article Review Assignment: Adaptive Devices/Technology

Article Review Assignment:  Adaptive devices/equipment

Name of article:  “Factors Affecting Older Adults’ Use of Adaptive Equipment: Review of the Literature”

Name of journal:  American Journal of Occupational Therapy

Name of author(s):  Laura Hastings Kraskowsky and Marcia Finlayson

I found this article through Goggle Scholar.  I originally found it on the Therapeutic Recreation Directory website but they didn’t have the full text article, just the citation.  After typing it on Goggle I found the full text version; I couldn’t even find it on the American Journal of Occupational Therapy website.  I found it on November 2^nd, 2011.

                I chose this article to review because it not only deals with the population that I am most interested in (geriatrics) but it also has to deal with occupational therapy.   After getting my TR degree I am thinking of going onto school for OT.  This article addresses the main issues that there are with adaptive equipment and uses of it by the elderly.  Something to keep in consideration is the level of mobility and functioning the clients have.  If the client has a very little range of motion or doesn’t participate in high skilled and enduring activities, then some adaptive devices might not be appropriate.  There are many things to take into consideration when prescribing an adaptive device; client’s personal factors, training with the device, client’s environment, client’s economic status, etc.  It is very important to, as a therapist, become knowledgeable about all the devices that you plan on using with clients and prescribing for them.  If you do not know how to use the device it will be very hard to try to facilitate the use of the device with others. 

                I think this is an important article because it gives you a checklist of things that you need to consider when using adaptive devices.  It’s always important to be aware of the population and their levels of ability.  This article might pertain more to people who are thinking of going to work with geriatrics or as an occupational therapist.  It weighs out the positives and negatives concerning adaptive equipment.  I would definitely recommend this article to other therapeutic recreation students.    

Article Review Assignment: Therapeutic benefits of a specific activity

Article Review Assignment:  Therapeutic benefits of a specific activity 

Name of article:  “Community Gardening in a Senior Center: A Therapeutic Intervention to Improve the Health of Older Adults”

Name of journal:  Therapeutic Recreation Journal

Name of author(s):  Elizabeth N. Austin, Yvonne A. M. Johnston, and Lindsay Lake Morgan

I found this article off of the Therapeutic Recreation Directory website and typed it into Google scholar to find the full text PDF.  It can also be found in the Therapeutic Recreation Journal.  I found this on November 2^nd, 2011. 

                The reason I chose this article is because I don’t know a whole lot about using gardening as a recreation tool, so I wanted to gain more insight.  This article also had to deal with the older population and the therapeutic benefits that gardening had on their improvement of health.  Knowing the benefits of physical exercise, elderly still do not always engage and that sort of activity, which leads to deterioration of health.  Spaces for gardening need to almost always be private if you are seriously trying to use it as a therapeutic tool; actually nursing a plant to maximum growth, keeping animals and other species away from the plants, and controlling the weather (sunlight or water).  This can get very expensive so a research study was done on the benefits of gardening, to back up the cost.  This article states that gardening has been proven to:  give opportunity for exercise, provide nutritional and economic benefits, improve physical and mental well-being, and give a place for social interactions.  As TR Specialists, we are qualified to plan, teach, and give leadership if necessary to help seniors with their gardens.  I think gardening is a good way to provide recreation because it’s not only calm but the clients are benefitting from the activity almost immediately without even realizing it. 

                I would really recommend TR students reading this article because it uses the leisure ability model in detail and an outline for the research so we can really relate to the purpose.  It also gives a lot of insight on the aspects of gardening that can be utilized for therapy.  For example, if a TRS was trying to start up a community garden, because they are so expensive, they could use this article as a means of persuasion by showing administrative board members the benefits and how they outweigh the negative (if any) impacts of gardening with seniors.  Sometimes as TRS’s we will need to fight for funding money and really prove ourselves that we are just important, if not more important, than everyone else.